Frequently Asked Questions

Testosterone is a hormone made by the body and is responsible for the normal growth and development of the male sex organs and the maintenance of other sexual characteristics. In men, testosterone is produced in the testes, the reproductive glands that also produce sperm. The amount of testosterone produced by the testes is regulated by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Some effects of testosterone may include:

• Growth and maturation of prostate, and other male sex organs

• Development of male hair distribution such as facial hair

• Changes in body muscle mass and strength and fat distribution

• Sex drive and sexual function

• Mood and energy level

• Bone strength

In healthy men, testosterone levels between 350 ng/dL and 1,000 ng/dL are referred to as normal. Normal physiology allows the brain and the testes to work together to keep testosterone in this range. The brain produces “signal” hormones that are responsible for stimulating testosterone production. These “signals” are periodically released, which in turn stimulates testosterone production. When levels of testosterone are in an acceptable range, the production of the “signal” hormones is slowed, which in turn allows the testosterone levels to decrease.

Low testosterone treatment is the practice of diagnosing a person with low levels of testosterone and treating with injections, gels, patches, surgically implanted pellets or through oral applications. Injection therapy is used to treat low testosterone in eligible men. 

To determine testosterone levels, our medical professionals will perform a simple blood test, the results of which you will often know in 45 minutes or less. If your total or free testosterone is not within the normal range, you may be a candidate for treatment. Determining whether a patient is the right candidate for testosterone therapy is evaluated on a case-by-case basis by the medical professionals in conference with the patient.

Hypogonadism, in a male, refers to a decrease in either testosterone production, sperm production, or both. Our physicians address the testosterone aspect of this condition. Decreased sperm production requires a careful, thorough evaluation by a fellowship-trained specialist.

Benefits of testosterone replacement therapy vary based upon the pre-therapy symptoms and other factors, but can include:

• Increased energy

• Decreased irritability and depression

• Improved muscle mass and strength

• Improved sexual desire

• Improved visuospatial cognitive function and verbal memory

• Higher motivation

• Decreased body fat (optimal results received through the accompaniment of a diligent diet and exercise regimen)

• Possible improvement in erectile function

• Thicker skin

Some patients could experience one or more of the following side effects:

• Increase in red blood cells

This can be beneficial if you have anemia. However, it can be potentially dangerous, since an increase in red blood cells can lead to blood clots, heart attack, or stroke.

• Prostate effects

If you have an enlarged prostate, testosterone may worsen your symptoms, particularly if you are more than 50 years of age. If you have a history of prostate cancer, you cannot receive testosterone therapy, without prior clearance from the urologist who is overseeing your care.

• Skin reactions

Acne, oily skin, increased body hair and flushing have been reported. These side effects are not very common, but when/if they occur, often are transient.

• Infertility

Testosterone therapy down regulates the production of a man’s sperm. Ensure you are upfront with your desire for children with your medical provider and be sure to discuss the situation with your spouse/partner if appropriate.

• Sleep apnea

This is a condition that disrupts breathing during sleep, and if already present, may be worsened by the use of testosterone therapy. If you snore or suspect you may have sleep apnea, be sure to talk to your medical provider about the situation. Considering a sleep study for further evaluation may be appropriate before starting therapy.

• Fluid retention

Although uncommon, you must use caution if you have a history of heart failure or kidney disease.